Arsenic and nicotine co-exposure lead to some synergistic effects on oxidative stress and apoptotic markers in young rat blood, liver, kidneys and brain

Arsenic and nicotine co-exposure lead to some synergistic effects on oxidative stress and apoptotic markers in young rat blood, liver, kidneys and brain

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Arsenic and nicotine exposure has been a major health concern globally.Individually both these toxicants increase the risk to various diseases including cancers.However, limited information exists on the co-exposure.In this study, we evaluate the effects of their individual and combined exposure and hacklinkci.com if co-exposure to these toxicants might have a synergism or antagonism.Male rats were exposed to a very low dose of arsenic (25 ppm in drinking water) or nicotine (0.

25 mg/kg, sub-cutaneously) for a period of 5 months and post exposure various biochemical variables indicative of oxidative stress and apoptosis evaluated.Almost all glutathione linked enzymes showed marked alteration in individual as well as co-exposure treated groups.While serum creatinine and apoptosis indicator, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased in both treatments, an additive effect was noted in co-exposure group.A similar trend was also seen in brain and liver but not in kidneys.Gene expression studies showed marked reduction in catalase, Cu-Zn SOD, GST, there was a significant up regulation in Bax, caspase 3 in various tissues along with urinary 8-OHdG levels, indicative of DNA damage and apoptosis.

Interestingly, a decrease in liver arsenic concentration was noted in co-exposed group compared to arsenic alone exposed group.In conclusion, the present study suggests that arsenic and nicotine exhibited significant toxicity during camo iphone se case individual exposure whereas co-exposure to these toxins showed variable conditions (indicative of both synergism and antagonism) in male rats.